He always gave me a free hand in the laboratory and encouraged me to involve in. The francis turbine is a laboratoryscale reaction turbine for use with tecquipments digital hydraulic bench h1f, available separately. Laboratoryscale francis turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery lab manual iare. Selecting hydraulic reaction turbines bureau of reclamation. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the. Make sure handling well the equipments during experiment and void silly behavior. The pelton turbine consists of three basic components as shown in figure 1. Water enters the runner and flows towards the centre of wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the axis of the turbine. Francis in 1849 developed the radial turbine, named francis turbine. So this is the overview of the pelton wheel turbine, i tried my best to describe the whole thing, i hope you got the concept of pelton wheel. In the modern francis turbine, the water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves in the axial. Nov 10, 2019 following are the differences between pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. The water before entering the turbine has pressure as well as kinetic.
With about 60% of the global hydropower capacity in the world, francis turbines are the most widely used type of hydro turbine. Impulse turbines are also simpler to construct using. Draft tube cone runner lower cover upper cover turbine shaft. Francis turbine laboratory report turbine hydroelectricity scribd. From the experiment, is at a speed of 1400 rotary per second, it is the optimum speed that make the gas turbine running at the highest efficiency. The test rig of the francis turbine is shown in fig. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Design of an experimental test stand for francis type hydraulic turbines. Francis turbine its components, working and application.
Francis turbine lab manual free ebooks download francis turbine lab manual download on free books and manuals search fluid mechanics laboratory phase 3 edibon visiting a brick and mortar library is no longer necessary if you need a novel to read during your daily. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Kinetic energy as well as pressure energy of water is used to drive turbine. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. Recent citations a systematic validation of a francis. The francis turbine is actuated in a similar manner, differing from the fourneyron turbine only in that the.
Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy of the. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. The turbine is a wheel with buckets around its circumference. Kaplan turbine spiral casing runner guide vanes stay vanes draft tube cone. The grabcad library offers millions of free cad designs, cad files, and 3d models. Francis turbines are best suited for medium heads, say 40m.
The kaplan turbine is a propellertype water turbine which has adjustable blades. These turbines can be used for heads as low as 2 meters and as high as 300 meters. Turbines having different types of vanes or buckets or blades mounted on a wheel called runner. Nov 07, 2014 theoretical knowledge pertaining to the experiment the efficiency of the turbine is defined as the ratio between the power developed by the turbine to the available water power. Discussions francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Francis 1815 1892 an english born inventor who developed the turbine in the year 1849. Examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions. Pdf experimental evaluation of a francis turbine esat. Application of variable speed operation on francis turbines article pdf available in ingenieria e investigacion 351.
Numerical study of sediment erosion analysis in francis turbine. In the test of a francis turbine, a pressure of 140 kpa was measured at a point a at the flange at. Application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific. Losses in francis turbines hydraulic efficiency % output energy output % friction losses between runner and covers friction losses.
Study on performance characteristics of kaplan turbine 11. Impulse turbines are ideally suited for high head and relatively low power. It may be in the form of kinetic, pressure, potential, strain or thermal energy. No name of experiment page no 1 calibration of venturimeter 1 2 calibration of orificemeter 5 3 determination of friction for a given pipe line 8 4 verification of bernoullis theorem 12 5 impact of jet on vanes 16 6 performance test on pelton wheel 20. Francis turbine laboratory report free download as word doc. A mechanical device to increase the pressure energy of a fluid. Parametrical and theoretical design of a francis turbine runner with the help of computational fluid dynamics ayancik, fatma, celebioglu, kutay and aradag, selin author for correspondence department of mechanical engineering, tobb university of economics and technology, sogutozu avenue 43, sogutozu, ankara, 06560, turkey. The kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. To verify the momentum equation experimentally through impact of jet experiment.
The pelton turbine used in this experiment is an impulse turbine. Francis turbine guide vanes have pivoted support with. Pdf francis turbines that are directly coupled to a synchronous generator operate. Prepare a table to mention the values of all the parameters, such as head, flow rate, speed, diameter, specific speed, power.
Figure below shows the layout of a hydroelectric power plant in which the turbine is pelton wheel. Cfdbased design of a hydro turbine runner depending upon the parametrical and theoretical calculations to prevent cavitation and to increase the turbine efficiency. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. Getai hydropower is pelton turbine experiment, francis turbine diagram, francis turbine working, pelton turbine for sale factoty. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Pelton turbine experiment, francis turbine diagram, forging. Reciprocating pumps having two suction pipes and two delivery pipes, one on each side. Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. The turbine has a sturdy base which sits on the top of the hydraulic bench. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws. Join the grabcad community today to gain access and download. The turbine connects to the pumped supply of the hydraulic bench.
The experimental data acquired by this study were used to validate the existing evaluations of the francis turbine. We have provided advanced design and renovation solutions for many new and old hydropower stations at home and abroad. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In situations found in very mountainous places where very high values of head ft or more are available, another type of turbine called the impulse turbine becomes practical figure 3. It reduces the possibility of separation and cavitation in reciprocating pumps. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m.
Francis turbines are the most common water turbines in use to. A computational fluid dynamics validation experiment for forced and mixed convection. General information the pelton turbine is a hydraulic impulse turbine, in which one or more water jets hit buckets on a wheel. Pdf design of an experimental test stand for francis. Pdf conceptual design optimization of francis turbine. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. The curves between unit discharge and unit speed are rising curves.
The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. It is used when the head is between 80 to 500 metres. For giant turbines such as the three gorges francis turbine, the huge size of their components and the high free stream velocity 9 make the critical reynolds number 10 to be reached in the fpg zone instead of in the apg zone, resulting in higher susceptibility to cavitation inception than in smaller turbines. Discription francis turbine, named after james bichens francis, is a reaction type of turbine for medium high to medium low heads and medium small to medium large quantities of water. Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Application of variable speed operation on fran cis turbines article pdf available in ingenieria e investigacion 351. Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. The francis turbine is also called a radial flow turbine, since water flows from the outer circumference towards the centre of runner. Every experiment should be completed, verified and evaluated in the same lab session. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward radial flow reaction turbine.
A francis turbine is a type of turbine used most frequently in medium or largescale hydroelectric plants. Majorly there are 2 turbines flow patterns on which they. Hydraulic mechanics lab viva questions and answers pdf free download hydraulic mechanics viva questions with answers. Study on performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps. Tailrace which is a channel carrying water away from the turbine. Flow field in a high head francis turbine draft tube. If the sprinkler is torque free, what is the angular. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Experimental investigations of a model francis turbine during. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate.
They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. Introduction francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Kaplantype hydraulic turbine in which the positions of the runner blades and the wicket gates are adjustable for load change with sustained efficiency, it is a purely axial flow turbine with a vertical shaft disposition. Pdf application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. Hydraulic energy is that which may be possessed by a fluid. In impulse turbine, the only turbine used nowadays is pelton wheel turbine. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a francis turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. Also observe the safety instructions in the manual. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. Discrete numbers of particles were tracked over the free stream flow using. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.
Pdf design of an experimental test stand for francis type. On the other hand francis and kaplan turbines are reacti. Set the brake at some level and measure the brake load using. The discharge increases with the increase in speed. It is still the most widely used water turbine in the world today. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings. Still, if you have any doubt ask in the comment section, i will get back to you as soon as possible. Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. In reaction turbines, francis turbine and kaplan turbine. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Spiral casing, guide vanes and draft tube were meshed using manual block refinement in icem to. Gap losses friction losses in the spiral casing and stay vanes guide vane losses friction losses runner losses draft tube losses.
Hydraulic results revealed that the maximum difference was only 0. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. The reaction turbine operates with its wheel submerged in water. Numerical study on flow characteristics in a francis turbine during. Study on performance characteristics of francis turbine 10. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level the kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. Following are the differences between pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. The first turbines at niagara falls were of this type. State five 5 safety factors that have been taken in the experiment.
Experimental investigation on a high head model francis turbine during load rejection, iop. Structural steel carbon steel hsma high strength micro alloy. For one type of francis turbine runner, all the parameters and their effects are illustrated with the help of cfd, considering the influence of. Object the purpose of this experiment is to study the constructional details and performance parameters of pelton turbine. This video explains the technical points of francis turbines in plain english. Experimental investigations were conducted on a model francis turbine. Dimensions of the outlet g a u b u g u b g c npsh a m r. This has the advantage of centrifugal forces acting against the flow, thus reducing the tendency of the turbine to over speed. Development of low head kaplan turbine for power station rehabilitation project s m lim, n ohtake, s kurosawa et al. They operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters 33 to 2,3 feet. Introduction to francis turbine diagram, working principle the francis turbine is mixed flow reaction turbine. The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as francis turbine, after the name of j. The francis turbine, named for him, is the first modern water turbine.